I've done the same, In cali you now have to obtain a Non-commercial class a license for a trailer over 14k... there are alot of loop holes and such that I think some RV's may be exempted but cant remember them all. Anyway, here in cali DOT is cracking down on trucks pulling out of their weight class that are non-commercial vehicles. Just the other day we had a F350 pulling a backhoe wreck and kill someone, and the drive will be brought up on charges for not being licensed to tow that weight. and I'm pretty sure is insurance will leave him high and dry.
My point is there is more to factor in than just your trucks limits. also got to look at the insurance side to make sure you don't loose your ass these days if something were to happen.
Now with all that said... here is what I could find for towing abilities fro every specific configuration of the Ram
Ram Trucks - Towing Guide - Capacity Chart
He is not talking about pulling more weight than what his truck is rated for. In fact, he is well bellow the 17,000 lbs + his truck is rated to tow and so am I. Hell, we are even well below our rear GAWR limits. What he is talking about is the payload limitations set on 2500 trucks due to the US DOT/EPA class they are in.
The class that 2500 trucks are in , class 2B, has a max GVWR of 10,000 lbs. This means not matter what the individual parts of the truck is rated for, the manufacturer cannot give it a GVWR over 10,000 lbs unless they moved it up a class. You could have a truck that should be rated at 11,200 lbs GVWR going by it's individual parts ratings, but that would not matter since 10,000 lbs is the limit for the class. Since a truck's payload is determined by the weight of the truck minus its GVWR, then having a GVWR that is artificially lowered due to class regulations will make it have a lower payload even though the truck can actually handle more.
Take my Ram 2500 diesel for example compared to the same 3500. My 2500 has the same front suspension, front brakes, and front axle so you know those items can handle the payload of a 3500. It has the same frame and transmission so you know those two things can handle the payload of the 3500. The rear axle and brakes are the same as well with the only thing being different is the rear suspension. With that difference comes a different rear Gross Axle Weight Rating(GAWR) which my 2500 has a rear GAWR of 6,500 lbs and the 3500 has a rear GAWR of 7,000 lbs. Keep in mind that GAWR is the weight rating of the entire "axle system" which includes the axle, tires, brakes, and suspension. So the only difference between my truck and a 3500 is 500 lb rear GAWR less yet my 2500 has a payload of almost 1,700 lbs less. Yes, I know it doesn't make sense, but then again outdated bureaucratic policies made decades ago like the truck class weight limits never never do.
If you actually did only subtract the 500 lbs difference from the 3500 SRW 4x4 GVWR of 11,700 lbs then that will leave you with a GVWR of 11,200 lbs which would give my truck a starting payload of just over 3,550 lbs before options. However, since these trucks are capped to a GVWR of 10,000 lbs due to the decades old class weight limits, then it has an artificial starting payload of 2,300 lbs for a diesel 2500.
Also, the payload limit in the door is just manufacturers limits and holds no weight with many states DOT. They cannot legally give you a ticket for going over it. What most stated go by is GVWR the truck is registered for and GAWR. You can legally register your truck with a higher GVWR in Texas as well as many other states if not all. The GAWR limits are usually defined depending on if you have a SRW or DRW and these are usually only for commercial vehicles.