My question is; What would be the biggest or best camper I could tow with this setup? Makes and models would be appreciated because I know nothing about campers!
You have to start with your numbers (capability limits) of your specific truck and work from there.
Look at your sticker/tables first. You will need to know GVWR, GCWR, Payload, and max trailer weight for your specific vehicle. That will vary depending on your engine, transmission, and gear ratio mostly... it sounds intimidating at first, but once you begin to do some research and understand everything better, it's pretty straight-forward stuff.
I think in general, you're going to need a weight-distribution hitch (WDH) for any camper/trailer over 5k in weight. In general again, your properly loaded camper will have 10-15% of its weight at the tongue (hitch) of the trailer; combine that with the weight of your WDH (which can get pretty heavy), all of this subtracts from your PAYLOAD limit on the truck itself - that weight all goes on the truck...
Here's where most run into problems when towing with the 1500's... The 1500s are capable of towing quite a bit - mine has a rated capability to tow over 10,000 lbs., BUT, by time you figure in the weight of a 10,000 lb trailer at its tongue (10-15%), the WDH, then you have to add in all of the cargo on the truck PLUS the weight of the passengers, etc., and subtract all of that from the PAYLOAD of the truck. The payload of the 1500s are usually somewhere between like 1300-1600 lbs... which is really the limiting factor when it comes to towing... 4 people's weight can add up pretty good, combined with cargo in the truck and then the tongue weight of the trailer and the WDH and you'll find out you can't really tow a 10,000 pound camper with 4 people and cargo...
As others have noted, 6-7k is probably a more realistic number. Figure out your numbers, know your limits/capabilities before you go shopping - go from there.
If you stay within your limits and are properly equipped (WDH, brake controller), you should have a good towing experience - the 1500 is a very capable and good truck (within its limits).
Good luck, happy camping!