VEHICLE CODE - VEH
DIVISION 12. EQUIPMENT OF VEHICLES [24000 - 28150] ( Division 12 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )
CHAPTER 5. Other Equipment [27000 - 28160] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )
ARTICLE 11.5. Bumpers [28070 - 28071] ( Heading of Article 11.5 renumbered from Article 11 by Stats. 1976, Ch. 1079. )
28071.
Every passenger vehicle registered in this state shall be equipped with a front bumper and with a rear bumper. As used in this section, “bumper” means any device designed and intended by a manufacturer to prevent the front or rear of the body of the vehicle from coming into contact with any other motor vehicle. This section shall not apply to any passenger vehicle that is required to be equipped with an energy absorption system pursuant to either state or federal law, or to any passenger vehicle which was not equipped with a front or rear bumper, or both, at the time that it was first sold and registered under the laws of this or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.
Nothing about the bumper making first contact. Hitch left in receiver being illegal is a myth. Only a problem if it obscures the license plate.
I live in Washington state and this is what I've learned...
There’s no law in Washington or any other state that specifically requires removing a ball trailer hitch when not in use.
A couple of Illinois legislators tried in 2009 and 2011 to require unused ball hitches that extend more than 4 inches past the rear bumper to be removed or covered with a red cover, but the effort didn’t get enough support to pass.
Washington does have laws that could indirectly make removing the ball necessary. If the ball is located directly in front of the license plate, it could obscure part of the plate, which is a civil infraction.
RCW 46.16A. 200(5) requires that vehicle license plates be kept clean, plainly visible and unobstructed at all times. RCW46.16A (7) makes it unlawful to use holders, frames or other materials that change, alter or make a license plate or plates illegible.
Most states have similar Regs.
State courts have found that those “other materials” include trailer ball hitches.
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