A plugged cat could certainly cause this problem. When my original one acutely crapped the bed, I had to drive home at something like 50 on a 65 highway. If I tried to accelerate harder, nothing happened.
As dudeman implied, a plugged cat won't allow our engines to rev beyond 3,000 RPM. Since you don't have a tach, this test will be a little trickier to perform. If you have, or know someone, with a live-data-capable scanner, you can read engine RPM that way.
You noted a screeching noise when you try to accelerate around 60. Does clicking off the overdrive make any difference? Also, does your engine use oil? As I found, when the plenum gasket basically goes "critical," it causes very nasty performance losses. In my case, if I tried to accelerate hard, the CEL would start flashing until I let off the throttle. As a result, I was stuck cruising 60, maybe 65 tops and any attempts to push harder would make the CEL start flickering.