Tim,
I'm gonna break it down Barney style so you can fully understand what you'd be buying, since you seem a little mixed up on some of the fine details.
You need understand these terms:
Transfer case - locks the front and rear drive shafts at the same output speed.
Differential - allows left and right axle shafts to rotate at different speeds. The average speed of the axle shafts must equal the input (driveshaft) speed divided by the axle gear ratio (4.10 on a current PW). If the truck is moving in a straight line, both axle shafts are turning the same RPM. If the truck maintains it speed and turns, the outside wheel speeds up and the inside wheel slows down, but their average RPM is the same as the straight-line RPM.
Helical limited slip differential - Google this one, there's a lot to read about. They have some quirks. The rear diff in a PW is an LSD, so you have that working for you in 2HI, 4HI and 4LO (when unlocked).
Locking differential - locks the left and right axle shafts, temporarily turning your differential into a "spool". PW has one front and rear, accessible in 4LO.
Tire scrub - when a tire breaks traction to relieve binding stress in the drivetrain
Traction control - refer to the manual
Electronic Stability Control - refer to the manual
If driving in a straight line only, you can use whatever combination of locked/unlocked you want without issue, as all tires can turn at the same speed without scrubbing.
In 2HI, the truck can turn without tire scrub. The rear diff allows the rear tires to turn differentially. The front diff allows the front tires to turn differentially. The unlocked transfer case allows the front and rear axles to turn differentially (the front axle travels a longer path in a turn than the rear axle). **Very sharp turns can cause some rear tire scrub from the LSD** And I'm disregarding the front axle's Center Axle Disconnect, which doesn't change the outcome that all 4 tires can turn without scrubbing.
In 4HI, the truck must scrub one tire to turn. Same applies in 4LO unlocked. This is because the transfer case does not allow differential speed between the driveshafts, even though the front axle must travel a longer path than the rear axle in the same time. The front axle average speed must equal the rear axle average speed, so the lowest-traction tire will scrub. You will feel and hear this scrubbing if you try to do this on high-traction surfaces like dry dirt or hard packed, dry snow.
In 4LO, rear locked, one rear tire and one front tire must scrub to turn. On the rear axle, the lowest-traction tire must scrub since the locker does not allow differential action. On the front axle, the lowest traction tire must scrub because the front driveshaft average speed must equal the rear driveshaft axle speed, even though the front axle travels a longer path in a turn. Trying to turn with the rear locked on a high traction surface results in a lot of bucking as the tires bind and scrub, bind and scrub.
In 4LO, all locked, three tires have to scrub to be able to turn. This is why fully locked trucks don't like to turn, if you're on a loose enough surface to even try it. The PW is torque-limited in 4LO with the wheels turned to keep you from breaking something trying to turn while fully locked. I don't remember the exact wheel position that this torque limit kicks in, but I think it's around half-lock.
So, driving on road, even in snowy and icy conditions, the most I ever use is 4HI. I prefer to stick to 2HI because it allows all four tires to go around a corner without breaking traction. If 4HI is needed to fight under- or oversteer or gain enough traction to start from a dead stop, use it knowing that it will force at least one tire to break traction in a turn. This is usually acceptable, but it's worth knowing that it happens.
I'm not going to bother going into the weeds on traction control, but use your new-found knowledge of what your axles/tires have to do while driving to inform your understanding of what you read about these features in the owners manual (you can download it for free from Mopar).