the obd2 system i was referring to used a maf with hot wire to determine airflow. modern ecu's use a number of sensors to determine the air/fuel needs of the engine at any given moment.
for instance...if the area of the map that is currently being used calls for a (cruising) 14.7 afr (stoich), it uses info from the the sensors (o2,tps,ect among others) to try to maintain that afr. as throttle position (load) changes so will the demand for fuel because more or less air is being let into the engine. if you've ever seen an actual ecu fueling map you'll notice that as load/rpm increases so does the demand for fuel, going a lot richer than stoich to avoid detonation. in the highest rpm/throttle position of the maps that i was personally tuning, an afr of 11.5 to 1 produced the most power.
under wot, that ecu did not use the o2 sensor at all. it relied on the fuel map and thats what we were tuning in addition to the timing map.
so, theoretically speaking, under normal driving conditions if the DEMAND for air is not increased neither will the fueling. which should lead to no power increase. however, if under wot the airflow IS increased more than stock, fueling will need to be increased to avoid running lean and possible detonation. a way to tune for more fuel is necessary. back in the day, use of an adjustable fuel pressure regulator was common, but to the detriment of fuel economy (running too rich at anything other than wot). these days, a wideband o2 sensor, a way to datalog and an adjustable ecu is a minimum.
sorry for the long dissertation but...