Let's start with your questions in order:
1) The rear headliner speakers are 3-1/2", but you can mount anything that size or under with the aftermarket adapter kits and universal backstraps. Any 3.5" speaker should work depending on your preference.
2) I do not like any JBL speakers - the highs are too shrill IMHO. Infinity, Rockford Fosgate, or Pioneer are the way I go. Use 4-ohm speakers across the board or you'll have speakers that are drawing more power on their channels (the 3-ohms) and others that draw less (the 4-ohms) which could cause an imbalance in the "sound stage". You do not need bass blockers unless you really hate bass. I like to feel mine kick when that kick drum hits.
3) The stock bass sucks, but if you're good with it, and want to deepen it just a little (or if you notice it sounds "hollow"), pull the sub out and add a little fiber-fill or shredded-foam fill - make sure it's loosely packed - and put the sub back in. To improve the mids/highs, go with tweeters in the corners. Make sure you use high-pass crossovers for them. Personally I'd use 3-ways in the doors.
4) You
can go with 2-way or 3-ways in the dash, front door, and rear doors. Personally, you get more dynamic sound if you use 3-ways. Below is how I set up mine: Note, I'd ditch the Infinity Reference REF-375TXs in the dash corners and go with the same Rockford's I've got in the Headliner. (See below image for notes)
Lastly, your setup looks fine overall. I just really hated the two different types of JBLs I tried because they were SHRILL - like piercing shrill IMHO. Both the Infinity and RF tweeters are awesome. I like the RF because if they're too loud, you can decrease the sensitivity by 2dB or 4dB just by moving your (+) input line to the next port over on the crossover. They also have on and off-axis attenuation (you'd want to use the off-axis in all cases unless you're going to mount them within 6" of your door speakers.)
View attachment 533031
Notes:
1) Get the Metra adapters for everything.
2) Use tweeters in the corners and headliner - you'll get better/crisper highs. The tweeters in the dash corners need to be aimed either a little forward, or straight up, at the windshield - this is because the audio sound stage in the vehicle is designed to reflect the sound off the windshield.
3) 3-ways in the rear doors will play full range - but unless Alpine changed the AMP processing, the front doors will only have a frequency range of 20 Hz - 5000 Hz (meaning, no treble in the 5 kHz to 20 kHz range. This is fine, but tweeters in the front doors will be under-utilized, regardless of whether you're using 2-way or 3-way speakers. I mainly went with the same 3-ways in the doors so everything matches. Tweeters in the dash corners will provide the highs missing from the front doors.
4) If you go with the infinity 2-way in the center dash, keep in mind that it has an external power capacitor that you should wire in to the (+) wire. Other speakers may or may not have this.
5) Your hand's free audio only comes from the center dash speaker. You'll need either a 3.5" 2-way or 3-way speaker there. Do NOT put a tweeter there.
6) The Rockfords and Infinity tweets have adapters for mounting in the dash corners. To mount in the headliner, you'll need to purchase a universal backstrap for each position, and then bend it to fit, mount the speaker/tweeter to it, and then mount it to the speaker mount in the headliner. If you purchase 3.5" speakers for the headliner, as long as Crutchfield says they'll fit, they will. I have also attached the wiring diagram for the Premium system - but this is for a 4th Gen. IDK if it is 100% accurate for your 2023.