If performance is at play, you have started down the right path.
Here are a few more things you can have a look at :
1. I would check cylinder compression on all 8 cylinder, and see if they are OK or if there is a specific cylinder with a fair difference in compression.
2. After a TB cleaning, you can check the injectors and see if they are clogged in any way fashion shape or form. Maybe just throw some injector cleaner in the gas tank as a first step to see if it changes anything.
3. If carbon build up is the culprit, then there could be deposits on the valves preventing from a good seating/sealing. The compression test would help revealing that. Injector cleaner will also help. it's definitely not the cure, as taking the valves out is the best way to getting them cleaned up, it may be enough to help get back on track.
4. O2 sensors can get less and less efficient over time. They may not throw a code or generate a CEL, but putting in new ones will restore some of the lost performance as well as increase MPG's.
5. Make sure to check transmission oil level. It may not be perceptible, but a slightly low tranny fluid level can generate slight slippage which impacts both performance and MPG. In the long run it can also harm the tranny itself.
6. Check the engine oil. Although odor doesn't really reveal anything, if there are some particular strong smells it could be an indication of some conditions. A strong unburned gas smell could reveal leaky ineffective injectors. A very dark color on relatively new oil can indicate a rich engine condition, etc. However as I said, even though you can see or smell something in the oil could only be an indication, and definitely not a diagnostic, and there could be absolutely nothing wrong either.
7. Do get a code reader. Not all codes generate a CEL.
Hope these few things help you out in finding the issue (if any!).